Improvement in telegraphic conductors



UNTTED STaTEs @PATENT g@EEIoE MOlRlS ll.. ALBERG'R, OF llllLADlEliiPHL-fl, lUGNNSYLVANIA, ASSlG-NOR OF @NEHALF 'lllS lll-(rlflT lO SILAS TW. lET'l .'l, Olil SAME PLAGE.

impact/Emmi' 1N TELEGRAPHIG oonouerous.

Speeiiicaiion forming part oi: Letters Patent No; 211,638 il, dated January 2d, 199; applica( ion iled r l A1,

November 4, lof/15T.

To all iczom'i't may concern:

Be it known that I, Mounts H. ALBERGER, ot' Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usel'ul Improvement in Clelegraph` Cables, ot' which the following is a specitication M y invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of the telegraph-cable for which Letters latent No. 201,477 were granted to ine on the 19th day of March, 1878; and the objects of my invention are, iirst, to coinbine an outer tube ot wrought-iron and a tube ot' vitreous material with a conducting-wire ot superior wrought-iron or decarbonized steel, which enables me to subject the whole to such a heat that it can be reduced to a `greater cX- tent by rollingl or drawing them if the conducting-wire is ot copper; second, to obtain by a simple process a clothed wire for introduction into the exterior wrought-iron tube; third, to secure lengths of the cable together in suoli a manner as to insure perfea'itand permanent metallic contact of the wire of one length with that ot' another length and complete insulation at thejunction of the two wires; and, i'ourth, to make a cable containing two or more wires embedded in vitreous material, which is inclosed in an outer cover oi' wroughtiron.

l n the a companyin g drawings,Figures l and 2 are sectional views ot' the telegraphie cable as it appears before it is reduced by rolling or drawing; l and sectional views ot' the cable as it appears when reduced; Figs. 5 and i5, views illustrating the mode ot' clothing the wire with vitreous material; Figs. 7 and views illustrating the inode ot securing lengths er cable together; and Figs. 9 and l0, sectional views, showing the manner of making a ilat cable containing two oi more conducting-wires.

ln carrying out the invention described in iny former patent l found that in heating the outer tube et wrought-iron there was danger oi melting the copper wire, and that when thus melted the copper penetrated through the 'vitreous material to the exterior tube of iron in reducing the cable bypassing it between rolls; hence it became necessary to limit the heat so far as to render the labor otreduction by rolling or drawing tedious.

ln my present improvement, I substitute i'or the copper coiulucting-wire originally used a wire ot' superior wroughtiron, or, what is still better, a wire of decarbonized steel. 'l his wire ll, Figs. l and L), l introduce into a tube, l), of vitreous material, and the latter into a butt or lap welded tube, ifi, otl wrought-iron. l then subject the whole to a weldingheat, and while thus heated reduce it bypassing it between rolls or otherwise. lt may be reduced, for in stance, to the extent shown in Figs. 3 and l without impairing the wire core B.

`lt is not essential in all cases'that the outer casingot' thecable should in the iirstinstance be in the form oi' a tube. The tube ot' vitreous material, for instance, with its internal wire, may be inelosed in two semi-cylindrical strips or bent slrelps ot' wrought-iron; or the tube may be surrounded by a billet ot' wrought-iron rods, reliance being placed upon rolling or drawing, while the slielps or rods are at a welding-heat, for a perfect union ot the iron bars, and for their conversion into a perfect outer easing of the cable.

The i'ollowing plan ot' combining the wire core with a glass tube, or rather ot' covering the wire with glass or other vitreous material, is preferred.

A glass-blower produces a bulb, E, Fig. 5, of glass or other vitreous material on the end ot' a pipe, F, in the usual manner. The wire t'rom a neighboring reel, G, is then passed through the pipe F until its end reaches the outer end et' the bulb, when an attendant, by a suitable instrument, seizes the end ot the bulb as well as the end of the wire and draws bot-h outward while the pipe is held stationary, and this is continued 'until a tube ot vitreous material, inclosing and tight-ly embracing a wire core, is produced.

lt will be understood that the vitreous material is at a proper heat at the commencement of the operation and retains heat suiiieient to insure ductility until the conclusion of the operation. n

The mode ot' uniting lengths ot the cable together is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8.

By an emery-wheel or other suitable device the adjoining ends of two lengths of the cable are rounded o, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the conducting-wire shall project slightly beyond the vitreous covering, and the latterA beyond the outer tube; hence, in uniting the two lengths by an ordinary serew-coupling, H, the two ends are brought forcibly together, the ends of the wire cores being first compressed, then the ends ofthe vitreous coverings, which are crushed by the force applied, the pulverized material being compacted between the ends of the metal tubes and around the wires, where they meet each other, so that a positive and permanent metallic contact of the two wires and their effective insulation at the point of contact are assured.

.In some cases it is advisable to make a cable wlth two or more conducting-wires, in which case it has been found necessary to iiatten the tube, as shown in Fig. 9, and to introduce as many clothed Wires as are required, and arrange them side by side, the whole being reduced by rolling or drawing until a compact cable, Fig. 10, is produced with wires embedded 1n vitreous material, and the latter enveloped by wrought-iron. Different plans of uniting lengths of the flattened cable may be adopted.

I claim as my inventionl. The mode described of making telegraphcables-that is to say, inserting a wire of wrought-iron or decarbonized steelinto a tube of vitreous material, enveloping the latter in wrought-iron, subjecting the whole toa welding-heat, and, finally, and while thus heated, reducing it by rolling or drawing, all substantially as described.

2. The mode described of clothing wire with vitreous material-that is to say, passing the wire into a pipe and into a bulb of vitreous material which has been formed on the end of the said pipe, then seizing both bulb and side in a attened wrought-iron tube, subjecting the whole-to heat and to a process of reduction by rolling or drawing, all as set fortli.- Y

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribin g witnesses.

MORRIS H. ALBERGER.

Witnesses:

Mrs. NETTIE ALBERGER, HARRY SMITH. 

